BASIC programs

BASIC programs

 

 

We want to return to learn BASIC programming language.

 

There are, SIN, COS, TAN, in BASIC programming language.

 

ATN (Arc TAN), ASN (Arc AIN), ACN (Arc COS), COT (Co TAN), too.

 

Basically, BASIC programming language has, SIN, COS, TAN.

 

 

10 REM SIN

20 PRINT SIN(PI)

30 END

 

Then run,

 

Answer is 0.

 

10 REM COS

20 PRINT COS(PI)

30 END

 

Then run,

 

Answer is 1.

 

TAN = SIN / COS.

 

10 REM TAN

20 PRINT TAN(PI)

30 END

 

Then run,

 

Answer is 0.

 

 

10 REM SIN version 2

20 INPUT I

30 PRINT SIN(I)

40 END

 

We can calculate SIN.

 

 

PI is The ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter (Apple Dictionary), 3.14159276.....

 

 

Do you know this ?

 

sin^2(theta) + cos^2(theta) = 1

 

 

Let us try !

 

10 REM SIN+COS

20 PRINT ((SIN(PI))^2 + (COS(PI))^2)

30 END

 

Then run,

 

Answer is 1.

 

 

10 REM SIN+COS version 2

20 INPUT I

30 PRINT ((SIN(I))^2 + (COS(I))^2)

40 END

 

Then run,

 

This answer is always almost 1.

 

 

We used ^ in this program.

 

^ means square number.

 

10 REM SQUARE 4

20 PRINT 4^2

30 END

 

Then run,

 

Answer is 16.

 

 

Next, we want to learn GOTO.

 

10 REM GOTO

20 INPUT I

30 IF I<0 GOTO 100

40 PRINT I

50 END

100 PRINT (0 - I)

110 END

 

 

IF statement and GOTO statement exchanges program route by conditions.

 

 

We programmed this.

 

 

10 REM AI

20 INPUT A$

30 PRINT A$

40 GOTO 20

50 END

 

This program loops between line number 20 and line number 40.

 

 

Homework: Make BASIC programs for many calculations. Make all flow charts for all programs in this article.

 

 

Exercise

 

Make program and flow chart.

 

1 Add 1 to 100

 

2 Add 1 and 4

 

3 Divide 4/3

 

4 Show text "Hello"

 

5 Write this "Tomato is", I (INPUT I)

 

6 Write COS(I) calculate program (INPUT I)

 

7 Write I^2 calculate program

 

8 Write DIM (I,J), Add DIM (I fixed, J loop)

 

9 Write DIM (I,J) Add DIM (I loop, J loop)

 

10 Can you calculate how many days from your birth ? (Difficult)

 

 

Extra Exercise (Difficult)

 

Write BIORHYTHM

 

 

(R.S.F. toshiki speed news press, Agence France-Presse, 1 Monday September 2014 The Roman)

 

Ebola vaccine trials being fast-tracked: researchers

Ebola vaccine trials being fast-tracked: researchers

 

Safety trials on an Ebola vaccine are being fast-tracked, meaning it could be given to healthy volunteers as early as September, researchers said Thursday.

 

The vaccine will be given to volunteers in Britain, the Gambia and Mali in a bid to tackle the spread of an epidemic which has spread across west Africa, killing 1,552 so far.

 

Researchers hope the trials could finish by the end of 2014.

 

If they are successful, the vaccine could then be given to people infected with Ebola, which is spread through bodily fluids.

 

The move was announced by pharmaceuticals giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) -- which is developing the vaccine with the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- and London-based medical charity Wellcome Trust, which is contributing to a grant to pay for the trials.

 

"A candidate Ebola vaccine could be given to healthy volunteers in the United Kingdom, the Gambia and Mali as early as September, as part of a series of safety trials of potential vaccines," the statement said.

 

A total of 3,062 cases have so far been reported but the World Health Organization (WHO) warned Thursday that the caseload could eventually exceed 20,000.

 

The trials, which still need ethical and regulatory approval, will be funded by a £2.8 million (3.5 million euro, $4.6 million) grant from the Wellcome Trust, Britain's Medical Research Council (MRC) and the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID).

 

The Oxford study will involve 60 healthy volunteers, while those in the Gambia and Mali will each involve 40.

 

This will also allow GSK to make some 10,000 extra doses of the vaccine so that if the trials are successful, it could be made available to the WHO quickly.

 

Safety tests of the vaccine will take place at Oxford University alongside the United States trial run by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).

 

Copyright © 2014 AFP. All rights reserved.

 

(Agence France-Presse, 28 Thursday August 2014 The Roman)

 

New study suggests treatment possibility for autism

New study suggests treatment possibility for autism

 

People with autism have too many synapses -- the connectors by which brain cells send and receive signals -- according to a new study that may point to a treatment for the complex disorder.

 

The extra synapses in autistic brains are the result not of overproduction, but of a failure in the normal process of discarding old and degraded cells.

 

Researchers at New York's University of Columbia were able to re-establish the brain's "pruning mechanism" in mice genetically modified to simulate autism.

 

To do it, they used a drug called rapamycin to block a protein, mTOR, which in autistic patients goes hyperactive and blocks the brain's natural ability to cull synapses.

 

The researchers saw a reduction in typical autistic behaviors, such as avoiding contact with others, in the treated mice, according to findings published this week in the US journal "Neuron."

 

"We were able to treat the mice after the disease had appeared," said Columbia University neurobiologist David Sulzer, lead author of the study.

 

This is crucial because autism does not become apparent at birth but later in childhood, "so you need a treatment that works after diagnosis," he said.

 

"If we were correct we should be able to have quite effective treatment even after diagnosis," he told AFP.

 

One in 68 US children is diagnosed on the autism spectrum, according to the most recent government estimates.

 

Newborn brains produce an enormous quantity of synapses as they grow, but later in childhood and adolescence they prune many of these connections to allow the different sections of the brain to develop without being overwhelmed, neurologists said.

 

This study analyzed tissues from the cerebral cortex -- which is involved in speech and social behaviors -- from 48 cadavers of subjects ranging in age from two to 20 at their deaths.

 

Of the subjects, 26 had been diagnosed with autism, and 22 were not.

 

Early in childhood, both groups had similar numbers of synapses, the study found.

 

However, a 19-year-old without autism had around 41 percent fewer synapses than a young child, while an autistic 19-year-old had far more -- their brains had shed only around 16 percent compared with a young child's.

 

The neurologists noted also that the excess of synapses increased the risk of epilepsy, since there were more electrical signals crossing through the brain.

 

Sulzer and his team also discovered biomarkers and proteins in the brains of children and teenagers with autism that indicated the pruning mechanism was not functioning normally.

 

Sulzer said it might be possible to adapt rapamycin to treat some autistic patients to help lessen the sometimes debilitating symptoms.

 

However, he noted that the drug in its current form, which is in testing as a treatment for Tuberous sclerosis, a rare genetic disorder often associated with autism, is also an immuno-suppressant, and may not be ideal as a long-term treatment, especially for children and teenagers, whose bodies are still developing.

 

Copyright © 2014 AFP. All rights reserved.

 

(Agence France-Presse, 23 Saturday August 2014 The Roman)

 

Patient isolated in California hospital for Ebola testing

Patient isolated in California hospital for Ebola testing

 

[caption id="attachment_572" align="alignnone" width="300"] (The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will be testing blood samples to rule out the presence of the virus. (File Photo:Reuters))[/caption]

 

A patient who may have been exposed to the Ebola virus has been put in isolation at a hospital in Sacramento, California, health group Kaiser Permanente announced Tuesday.

 

“We are working with the Sacramento County Division of Public Health regarding a patient admitted to the Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center who may have been exposed to the Ebola virus,” said Stephen Parodi, an infectious disease specialist.

 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will be testing blood samples to rule out the presence of the virus, he said.

 

“To protect our patients, staff and physicians, even though infection with the virus is unconfirmed, we are taking the actions recommended by the CDC as a precaution, just as we do for other patients with a suspected infectious disease,” Parodi said.

 

“This includes isolation of the patient in a specially equipped negative pressure room and the use of personal protective equipment by trained staff, coordinated with infectious disease specialists. This enables the medical center to provide care in a setting that safeguards other patients and medical teams.”

 

Two the United States patients infected with the virus, a health care worker and a doctor, returned to the United States from Africa for treatment in late July.

 

Currently there is no approved antiviral treatment or vaccine, only experimental phase treatments.

 

The global death toll from Ebola stands at 1,229, with the bulk of cases in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.

 

(By AFP | Los Angeles)

 

(Al Arabiya News, 20 Wednesday August 2014 The Roman)

 

‪Νέα ευρήματα στην Αμφίπολη‬ New findings in Amphipolis

‪





Νέα ευρήματα στην Αμφίπολη‬

 

Συνεχίζονται οι ανασκαφικές εργασίες από την αρμόδια Εφορεία Προϊστορικών και Κλασικών Αρχαιοτήτων στον Τύμβο Καστά, στην Αμφίπολη.

 

Συνεχίστηκε η αφαίρεση των λιθόπλινθων από τον τοίχο σφράγισης και αποκαλύφθηκε σχεδόν ολόκληρη η πρόσοψη του ταφικού μνημείου, που αποτελεί μία εξαιρετικά πρωτότυπη σύνθεση για την αντίστοιχη αρχιτεκτονική του τύπου του μακεδονικού τάφου, του 4 π.Χ αιώνα.

 

New findings in Amphipolis

 

Ongoing excavations by the competent Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities in Tomb caste, Amphipolis.

 

Continued removal of the blocks of the wall sealing and revealed almost the entire front of the funerary monument, which is a highly original composition for the same architecture type of the Macedonian tomb of the 4 th century BC.

 



 

(Athens News Agency, ‪AMNAwebTV‬, 26 Tuesday August 2014 The Roman)
(Edited and Text Translated: R.S.F. toshiki speed news press, Agence France-Presse, 27 Wednesday August 2014 The Roman)

Experts probe launch failure for EU's satnav project

Experts probe launch failure for EU's satnav project

 

Experts are racing to identify and fix a problem that saw two satellites from Europe's troubled Galileo satnav programme sent into the wrong orbit.

 

The pair were launched from Europe's space pad in Kourou, French Guiana, last Friday and were intended to be the first two fully operational satellites in the new-generation navigation system.

 

Experts said it seemed unlikely the two misplaced satellites could be brought into the right orbit and used.

 

Investigators from the European Space Agency (ESA) and launch operator Arianespace will work with an "internal task force" set up by the European Commission to figure out what went wrong, the EU's executive said on Monday.

 

Initial results will be presented in the first week of September.

 

European Commissioner for Industry and Entrepreneurship Ferdinando Nelli Feroci said he stood by the project because of its "strategic importance," adding he was confident deployment of the satellite constellation "will continue as planned".

 

Two more satellites had been expected to be hoisted by the end of 2014, opening the way for a first phase of Galileo services in 2015, including applications for smartphones and in-car navigation and search-and-rescue location.

 

By 2017, according to the Galileo's schedule, all 24 operational satellites would be in place.

 

Six backups would join the fleet by 2020, at which point the system would be fully operational.

 

- Satellites may be unusable -

 

Launched by a Russian-made Soyuz rocket, the misplaced satellites should have been slotted into a circular orbit at an altitude of 23,500 kilometres (14,600 miles), inclined at 56 degrees to the equator.

 

Instead -- apparently as a result of a problem with the rocket's upper stage, known as the Fregat -- they were placed in an elliptical orbit at a height of 17,000 kilometres (11,000 miles).

 

Unlike bigger satellites, which carry larger tanks of hydrazine propellant to adjust their position, the two Galileo satellites weigh only 700 kilos (1,500 pounds) and only have enough fuel for minor course adjustments.

 

"If it were just a small (orbital) correction, it would be possible, but this one really is major," said French astrophysicist Alain Dupas.

 

"The fuel reserves will definitely not be enough to get the satellites on the right track... also, if you start using up your fuel at this stage, you reduce the satellite's operational span."

 

Arianespace on Monday said an eight-person inquiry panel had been set up, chaired by former senior ESA official Peter Dubock.

 

It will deliver its preliminary conclusions on September 8.

 

The satellite is in a stable orbit and under control, ESA and Arianespace say.

 

Galileo, according to the project's defenders, will be more accurate and have a stronger signal, particularly in built-up areas, than its competitors.

 

The failure adds to a catalogue of problems encountered by the 5.4-billion-euro ($7.2-billion) programme, designed to give the EU independence in satellite navigation from the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS).

 

The programme, financed entirely by the European Commission, has had to brave political objections, technical hitches and cost overruns.

 

On the plus side, it says it has used experience from building and using four test, or "validation," satellites to be able to launch four satellites in one go, rather than two, using ESA's Ariane 5 ES heavy launcher.

 

Each satellite costs around 40 million euros, to which launch costs (65-70 million euros for a double launch by a Soyuz) must be added, according to AFP estimates.

 

In 2013, the annual global market for satnav products and services was valued at 175 billion euros, and was expected to reach 237 billion by 2020, according to figures cited by the European Commission.

 

Copyright © 2014 AFP. All rights reserved.

 

(Agence France-Presse, 25 Monday August 2014 The Roman)

 

Gallery : The DOS Manual

Gallery : The DOS Manual

 

[caption id="attachment_538" align="alignnone" width="300"] (The DOS Manual (Photo AFP – Toshiki Shirose))[/caption]

[caption id="attachment_540" align="alignnone" width="300"] (Inside of The DOS Manual (Photo AFP – Toshiki Shirose))[/caption]

 

These are The DOS Manual, for Apple 2 series.

 

Original english manual and Japanese translated manual.

 

The contents of both are the same.

 

The manual authors are Apple Computer.

 

BASIC reference guides and DOS operation guides in these manuals.

 

There were many Apple 2 series reference books and magazines at Apple 2 series era.

 

We use Apple 2 series sometimes.

 

We use Apple 2 series for games and boot DOS 3.3.

 

The games are Wizardry and Ultima, the Dungeon and Dragon, D&D, the role playing games.

 

There are many contents about DOS 3.3 in these The DOS Manual.

 

We know how to write Greeting Program for DOS 3.3.

 

About Greeting Program is written in these The DOS Manual.

 

DOS means Disk Operating System.

 

Apple 2 series could boot without Disk Operating System, we called that ROM BASIC.

 

Why we used DOS 3.3 ?

 

Because we could store many programs in DOS floppy disks.

 

(Photo AFP – Toshiki Shirose)

 

(R.S.F. toshiki speed news press, Agence France-Presse, 25 Monday August 2014 The Roman)

 

Gallery : Japanese word processor

Gallery : Japanese word processor

 

[caption id="attachment_549" align="alignnone" width="300"] (Photo AFP – Toshiki Shirose)[/caption]

 

This is Japanese word processor on MS-DOS.

 

You can watch Japanese Kana and Kanji letters in here.

 

This Japanese word processor is working on MS-DOS.

 

Japanese input front end processor and Japanese word processor.

 

Toshiki Shirose worked with this system in editorial departments since before over twenty-five years.

 

Almost were magazines, a few was news paper.

 

To type PC texts from news papers or news releases by computer, re-write texts and sent floppy disks that were in typed news texts with layout sheets into printing company, this was one of editorial works.

 

Texts were from news papers, news releases, articles of writers and original articles.

 

If we could not receive writer's re-write in dead line day, editors wrote articles.

 

Toshiki Shirose and Harumi Shirose were the famous pen-name staff writers, worked as desks in the famous and the large magazine companies in Japan.

 

(Photo AFP – Toshiki Shirose)

 

(R.S.F. toshiki speed news press, Agence France-Presse, 25 Monday August 2014 The Roman)

 

 

Galileo satellites not on right orbit: Arianespace

Galileo satellites not on right orbit: Arianespace

 

Two European Galileo satellites launched by a Russian-built rocket on Friday from French Guiana have not reached their intended orbit, launch firm Arianespace said Saturday.

 

"Observations taken after the separation of the satellites from the Soyuz VS09 (rocket) for the Galileo Mission show a gap between the orbit achieved and that which was planned," the company said in a statement.

 

Copyright © 2014 AFP. All rights reserved.

 

(Agence France-Presse, 23 Saturday August 2014 The Roman)

 

Europe launches two navigation satellites

Europe launches two navigation satellites

 

Two satellites for Europe's rival to GPS were lifted into space on Friday to boost the Galileo constellation to six orbiters of a final 30, the European Space Agency (ESA) said.

 

The launch of satellites Doresa and Milena, the first with full operational capability, brought the system a step closer to becoming fully functional.

 

"The deployment of the constellation will now gather pace, with six to eight satellites launched per year," the ESA said in a statement.

 

"The final constellation will consist of 24 satellites expected to be ready in 2017 and complemented by six in-orbit spares."

 

The pair of orbiters were launched on a Russian-built Soyuz rocket from Europe's Kourou space centre in French Guiana at 1227 GMT as scheduled, after a 24-hour bad weather delay.

 

Minutes later it shed its four boosters and faring -- the nose cone that protects the craft in the early stages of flight.

 

At three hours and 47 minutes after launch, the satellites separated from the mother ship to enter into free-flight orbit.

 

"These two satellites are the first of a new type of satellite that are fully owned by the EU, a step towards a fully-fledged European-owned satellite navigation system," said the European Commission, which funds the project.

 

The 5.4-billion-euro ($7.2-billion) Galileo constellation is designed as an alternative to the existing the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) and Russia's Glonass, and will have search and rescue capabilities.

 

Four Galileo satellites have been launched before Friday -- the first pair in October 2011 and the second a year later.

 

They are the nucleus of the constellation orbiting Earth at an altitude of 23,500 kilometres (14,600 miles), and will later be brought to full operational capability.

 

The launch of the latest pair, named by two European schoolchildren who had won a drawing competition, had been delayed for over a year due to what the ESA described as "technical difficulties in the setting up of the production line and test tools".

 

Launch firm Arianespace said Thursday it had signed a deal with the ESA to launch 12 more satellites "from 2015 onwards".

 

The ESA has previously said full Galileo services were "scheduled for the decade's end".

 

In March last year, the agency announced the first four test satellites had passed a milestone by pinpointing their first ground location, with an accuracy of between 10 and 15 metres (32 to 49 feet).

 

For its ninth liftoff from the Guiana Friday, the Soyuz rocket carried a total load of 1.6 tonnes, including the two satellites weighing 730 kilos (1,600 pounds) each.

 

"We are extremely proud to have sent the first two operational satellites in the Galileo constellation into orbit today," Arianespace chairman Stephane Israel said in a statement.

 

"It is a great day for European space and a great day for Europe."

 

Copyright © 2014 AFP. All rights reserved.

 

(Agence France-Presse, 22 Friday August 2014 The Roman)